SHORT CIRCUIT STUDY

Short Circuit in a system is caused accidently either due to insulation failure or flashover over of lines initiated by lightning or accidental faulty operation. The above phenomenon results in flow of heavy short circuit currents through the equipment which may result in permanent damage to power system elements. Hence, it is important to ensure that the short circuit ratings of power system elements are adequate. In addition, the faulty parts need to be disconnected from the healthy power system network by means of circuit breakers, fuses and other protection devices to protect the power system from further damage. The software used for short circuit studies are ETAP, DigSilent Powerfactory, PSS/E and so on.

WHY SHORT CIRCUIT STUDY?

To determine the magnitude of current that flows through the system during fault conditions
To determine short circuit ratings (breaking current – AC and DC components, peak making current and short time withstand ratings) of switchgear, circuit breakers and other power system elements.
To determine the permissible operating configurations that ensures the short circuit ratings are within the capability.
As an input for the design of protection system (breaker/relay/release/CT/secondary circuits) and to calculate optimum protection settings.
As an input for the calculation of incident energy in Arc Flash Studies.

HOW SHORT CIRCUIT STUDY? (METHODOLOGY)

Collection of inputs (SLD, equipment parameters – Voltage kV rating, Power MVA rating, Impedance, System fault level, X/R ratio etc.)
Modelling in study software.
Finalizing the study case scenarios
Carrying out simulation
Review of results and recommendation, wherever necessary
Submission of detailed report
Presentation of study findings

OUTCOMES OF SHORT CIRCUIT STUDY

Detailed report explaining the input data, study cases, observations and recommendations
Fault currents at various buses and branches in the system
Breaking current – AC and DC components, peak making current and short time withstand ratings of equipment
Input to relay coordination study
Input to Arc Flash Study

REFERENCE STANDARDS

ANSI/IEEE C37
IEC 60909
IEEE 3002

Power System Studies

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Short Circuit Study