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Arc Flash/shock hazard warning labels are specifically designed to help protect qualified workers who are doing live maintenance in the Switch gear, MCCs, PCCs and DBs have to examine, adjust, service or maintain electrical equipment while energized. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) was developed at Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) request and sets the standards for electrical safety in the workplace. Arc Flash labelling requirements are defined by the newly updated NFPA 70E 2021 standard. It is important to understand the information given on the label to protect yourself and others

Sample Arc Flash Label

1. Danger Header

A warning label appears at the top of the label. It’s a warning intended to get your attention and alert you to potential dangers.

2. Arc Flash Boundary

A distance from a prospective arc source at which the incident energy is calculated to be 5.0J/cm2(1.2cal/cm2). Workers inside the Arc Flash boundary must have to wear with proper PPE Mentioned in the Arc Flash Label for Arc Flash protection.

3. Incident energy

The amount of thermal energy impressed on a surface, a certain distance from the source, generated during an electric arc event. The incident energy is calculated at the working distance. Incident energy increases as the working distance from the potential arc source decreases, and the incident energy decreases as the distance increases. The units used to measure incident energy are joules per square centimeter (J/cm2) or calories per square centimeter (Cal/cm2). Workers must wear PPE’s based on categories which are mentioned in Arc Flash label.

4. Working Distance

It is the distance between the potential arc source and the face and chest of the worker performing the task. Parts of the body closer to the potential arc source other than the face and chest receive a greater incident energy. The arc source is usually energized parts within an equipment enclosure or exposed energized parts in open air. The computation is based on the working distance, and if you work from a different working distance, the incident energy values will change. Because the worker is closer to the possible arc point, reducing this working distance increases incident energy. The incident energy is reduced as the working distance is increased.

5. PPE Hazard Category

The Arc Flash Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Category is determined by consulting the PPE tables in article 130.7 of the NFPA 70E standard. PPE categories range from 1 to 4 (with four having the highest incident energy rating and requiring the most protective gear).

Category 1:
Arc-Rated Clothing, Minimum Arc Rating of 4 Cal/cm2(16.75 J/cm2)
• Arc-rated long-sleeve shirt and pants or arc-rated coverall
• Arc-rated face shield or Arc Flash suit hood
• Arc-rated jacket, parka, high-visibility apparel, rainwear, or hard hat liner

Protective equipment
• Hard hat
• Safety glasses or safety goggles (Selection Required)
• Hearing protection (ear canal inserts)
• Heavy-duty leather gloves, arc-rated gloves, or rubber insulating gloves with leather protectors (Selection Required)
• Leather footwear (As Needed)

Category 2:
Arc-Rated Clothing, Minimum Arc Rating of 8 Cal/cm2 (33.5 J/cm2)
• Arc-rated long-sleeve shirt and pants or arc-rated coverall
• Arc-rated flash suit hood or arc-rated face shield and arc-rated balaclava
• Arc-rated jacket, parka, high-visibility apparel, rainwear, or hard hat liner (As Needed)

Protective equipment
• Hard hat
• Safety glasses or safety goggles (Selection Required)
• Hearing protection (ear canal inserts)
• Heavy-duty leather gloves, arc-rated gloves, or rubber insulating gloves with leather protectors (Selection
Required)
• Leather footwear

Category 3:
Arc-Rated Clothing Selected, So That the System Arc Rating Meets the Required Minimum Arc Rating of 25 Cal/cm2 (104.7 J/cm2).
• Arc-rated long-sleeve shirt (As Required)
• Arc-rated pants (As Required)
• Arc-rated coverall (As Required)
• Arc-rated Arc Flash suit jacket (As Required)
• Arc-rated Arc Flash suit pants (As Required)
• Arc-rated Arc Flash suit hood
• Arc-rated gloves or rubber insulating gloves with leather protectors (Selection Required)
• Arc-rated jacket, parka, high-visibility apparel, rainwear, or hard hat liner (As Needed)

Protective Equipment
• Hard hat
• Safety glasses or safety goggles (Selection Required)
• Hearing protection (ear canal inserts)
• Leather footwear

Category 4:
Arc-Rated Clothing Selected, So That the System Arc Rating Meets the Required Minimum Arc Rating of 40 Cal/cm2 (167.5 J/cm2).
• Arc-rated long-sleeve shirt (As Required)
• Arc-rated pants (As Required)
• Arc-rated coverall (As Required)
• Arc-rated Arc Flash suit jacket (As Required)
• Arc-rated Arc Flash suit pants (As Required)
• Arc-rated Arc Flash suit hood
• Arc-rated gloves or rubber insulating gloves with leather protectors (Selection Required)
• Arc-rated jacket, parka, high-visibility apparel, rainwear, or hard hat liner (As Needed)

Protective Equipment
• Hard hat
• Safety glasses or safety goggles (Selection Required)
• Hearing protection (ear canal inserts)
• Leather footwear

6.Shock Hazard Voltage

Nominal system voltage is recorded in Volts and can be displayed as V, VAC or VDC (VAC = volts alternating current, VDC = volts direct current).

7. Limited Approach Boundary

• Approach by Unqualified Persons:
No unqualified person shall be permitted to approach nearer than the limited approach boundary of energized conductors and circuit parts.

• Working at or Close to the Limited Approach Boundary:
Where one or more unqualified persons are working at or close to the limited approach boundary, the alerting methods shall be applied to advise the unqualified persons of the electrical hazard and warn him or her to stay outside of the limited approach boundary.

• Entering the Limited Approach Boundary:

Where there is a need for an unqualified person to cross the limited approach boundary, a qualified person shall advise the unqualified persons of the possible hazards and continuously escort the unqualified persons while inside the limited approach boundary. Under no circumstance shall unqualified persons be
permitted to cross the restricted approach boundary.

8. Restricted Approach Boundary

No qualified person shall approach or take any conductive object closer to exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts than the restricted approach boundary. Unless one of the following conditions applies:

a. The qualified person is insulated or guarded from energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more. Insulating gloves and sleeves are considered insulation only with regard to the energized parts upon which work is performed.
b. The energized electrical conductors or circuit parts are insulated from the qualified person and from any other conductive object at a different potential.

Reference:
1. Institute of Electrical and Electrical Engineers 1584 – “Guide for performing Arc-Flash Hazard calculation”, 27 September 2018.
2. National Fire Protection Association 70E – “Standard for Electrical safety in the workplace”, 2021.

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Ajithkumar

– Power System Engineer

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